The second revised edition of this innovative book teaches the user to read Bulgarian by taking advantage of the similarities between Bulgarian and Russian. Fifty-one sections explaining the structure of the Bulgarian language are reinforced by thirty-six reading selections, fourteen of them new. The book can be used with a teacher or for self instruction. Persons without a knowledge of Russian will need to look up more words in a Bulgarian-English dictionary. Starting with the first reading selection broad use is made of proverbs, which provide content intended for native speakers and interesting for the message conveyed, but with limited vocabulary and only those grammatical structures which have been explained to date. New reading material includes, among other things, uncut short stories by Elin Pelin and Yordan Yovkov, the first thirty-six articles of the new Bulgarian Constitution, a short epic song starring Krali Marko and Sharko the Wonder Horse, a selection of Gabrovo jokes, encyclopedia articles (on Cyril and Methodius, the Bulgarian language, three leading scholars, St. John’s Day), poetry by Hristo Botev, and more. Charles Gribble taught Slavic languages and linguistics for forty-nine years at three universities: Ohio State, Indiana, and Brandeis. In 2006 the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences honored him with the Marin Drinov Award for his scholarly contributions in the field of Slavistics and Bulgarian studies and for his development of scholarly collaboration between the USA and the Republic of Bulgaria. In addition to his other achievements, Charles Gribble was co-founder of Slavica Publishers and served as its president from 1966–97.
Linguistics
$34.95
978-0-89357-405-5
xvii + 250
2013
This volume presents an analysis of clause structure in Bulgarian, with special focus on several interrelated areas: complementizers and complementation, wh-movement constructions including a variety of relative and interrogative clauses, and the structure of the left periphery of the clause including topic, focus, and dislocation positions. The basic proposal consists of a partially nonconfigurational, V-initial S constituent, with functional projections above it; a broad array of facts about Bulgarian sentence structure are accounted for by movement of all wh-phrases to Comp and subjects and other material to a topic position above Comp and a focus position below it. Originally published in 1986, this book was one of the first works to approach Bulgarian syntax within a generative framework. As such it brought up a number of issues which have become perennial problems in Balkan and Slavic linguistics, in particular issues of multiple wh movement and the relation between wh _and Focus. By taking seriously the rule-governed nature of non-standard and informal spoken language, the book uncovered data not dealt with in traditional grammars, including theoretically important facts about resumptive pronouns and island constraints in colloquial deto relatives, clitic doubling, and correlations of intonation with syntactic structure. In addition to analyzing previously unstudied data, it cast new light on classic problems in Bulgarian grammar including the proper analysis of the infinitive-like da-construction. This influential and seminal work is now available in a corrected edition, with a new forward by the author.
$29.95
978-0-89357-397-3
xviii + 184
2013
Horace G. Lunt’s Concise Dictionary of Old Russian is a “bridge” dictionary spanning the lexical territory between Old Church Slavic and Modern Russian. For all its 40-plus years, it remains the best available short dictionary (some 5,500 entries) for providing access to some seven centuries of Russian literary production, including especially the standard texts that are read in courses covering the medieval period of the 11th-14th centuries. The Concise Dictionary of Old Russian is particularly strong in providing explications for words connected to Old and Middle Russian material and spiritual culture, especially ecclesiastical words, rhetorical terms, and items of foreign origin. Additionally, it is valuable for providing meanings for words that still exist in modern Russian but that have undergone significant semantic change or specialization. The lexical selection reflects years of Professor Lunt’s practical experience determining which words cause graduate students difficulty when reading texts in Old and Middle Russian. Oscar E. Swan’s updated version of the Lunt dictionary does more than take the 1970 work, originally reproduced as typed on an old-fashioned manual Russian typewriter, and reissue it in modern typography. His line-by-line editing corrects many inconsistencies and errors in the original, modernizes the Russian glosses (many of which were copied from 19th c. sources and had become obsolete), and improves on the system of cross-references and verb citation. Generous inflectional tables of Old Russian nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs are given in a supplement. In the age of the internet, Swan’s version of the Lunt dictionary is available not only here, in hard-copy, but also in an electronic version (at http://lektorek.org), lexically interactive with glossaries of Old Church Slavic and Modern Russian, as well as a constantly expanding library of normalized medieval Russian texts.
$34.95
978-0-89357-409-3
xvi + 212
2013
In this monograph the authors assert that Russian verbal prefixes always express meaning, even when they are used to form the perfective partners of aspectual pairs. The prefixes in verbs like написать/na-pisat' 'write' and сварить/s-varit' 'cook' have semantic purpose, even though the corresponding imperfective verbs писать/pisat' 'write' and варить/varit' 'cook' have the same lexical meanings. This suggests a new hypothesis, namely that the Russian verbal prefixes function as verb classifiers, parallel to numeral classifiers. The exposition is designed to be theory-neutral and accessible to both linguists and nonlinguists. The studies make use of quantitative research on corpus data and statistical models (chisquare, logistic regression, etc.), which are presented in a common-sense way that assumes no special expertise. A user-friendly interactive webpage at http://emptyprefixes.uit.no/book.htm houses links to the authors' database, plus additional data from the studies cited. This book narrates recent breakthroughs in research on Russian aspect and demonstrates a range of methodologies designed to probe the relationship between the meaning and distribution of linguistic forms. These methodologies are used to investigate the "empty" prefixes, alternating constructions, prefix variation, and aspectual triplets. Though these phenomena have long been known to exist, their extent and behavior have not been previously explored in detail. The authors propose that the verbal prefixes select verbs according to broad semantic traits, categorizing them the way numeral classifiers categorize nouns. The purpose of the prefixes is to convert amorphous states and activities into discrete events and to group verbs according to the types of events they express. In other words, Russian prefixes are in effect a verb classifier system similar to those proposed for Mandarin Chinese, Hindi-Urdu, and a number of Australian languages, and this hypothesis facilitates cross-linguistic comparisons. The description of Russian prefixes as a verb classifier system furthermore has pedagogical value since curricula may be redesigned to teach students the system according to its meaningful groupings rather than simply requiring them to memorize hundreds of combinations of prefixes with simplex verbs. In short, the proposal to recognize Russian prefixes as verb classifiers supports the community of people interested in Russian grammar to be better linguists, better instructors, and better learners.
$34.95
978-0-89357-269-3
391
1997
Contains a selection of work by one of the most important Slavic linguists of the past thirty years, along with introductions to the individual sections by other eminent specialists. While the material is primarily Slavic, most of the articles treat it in such a way that the results are of at least as much interest to general linguists as to Slavists. The editors have made a special effort to make the articles user-friendly. All examples are transliterated and provided with word-by-word glosses as well as translations. Accessible to a new generation of specialists in linguistics or poetics, whether or not they know Slavic, the book contains a combined bibliography with updated entries, a list of publications by Catherine V. Chvany, and a detailed Index. This book includes a major new essay (never published before), "Deconstructing Agents and Subjects" (Chapter 7), which provides a succinct inventory of Russian impersonal sentences, along with theoretical problems these sentences raise for the Theta Criterion (one role per argument) or the Extended Projection Principle (every sentence must have a subject), and a novel pragmatic-semiotic explanation of the well-known affinities between agents and subjects, agents and speakers, speakers and subjects, subjects and topics, and how all these relate to nominative case and agreement.
Contents:
Foreword (Emily Klenin and Olga Yokoyama).
Part I: Syntax and Morphosyntax.
Introduction by Leonard H. Babby.
Chapters:
On Movement out of a Tensed S; The Role of Presuppositions in Russian Existentials;
When Byt' Means Have; Syntactically Derived Words in a Lexicalist Theory;
Markedness and a Modified A-over-A (with Evidence from Second Language Acquisition); Explain and Explain; Deconstructing Agents and Subjects.
Part II: Lexical Specification and Storage.
Introduction by Michael S. Flier.
Chapters:
On `Root' and `Structure-Preserving' -- Disposable Blades for Occam's Razor;
On `Definiteness in Bulgarian, English, and Russian;
Syntactic Accessibility and Lexical Storage: the Distribution of the Russian Infinitive Form moch' and Its Theoretical Implications;
A Continuum of Lexical Transitivity: Slightly-Transitive Verbs.
Part III: Modeling Grammatical Categories.
Introduction by Carol J. Neidle.
Chapters:
Hierarchies in the Russian Case System: for N-A-G-L-D-I, against N-G-D-A-I-L;
From Jakobson's Cube as Objet d'art to a New Model of the Grammatical Sign;
Substantive Universals and Multi-Level Markedness: Oppositions in Bulgarian and English Verb Morphology;
On Paradigm Geometry (with Katherine L. McCreight);
The Evolution of the Concept of Markedness from the Prague Circle to Generative Grammar.
Part IV: Linguistic Poetics and Narrative Structure.
Introduction by Daniel Rancour-Laferriere.
Chapters:
Tìffi's Poem `The Ship' (Korabl'); Stylistic Use of Affective Suffixes in Leskov;
The Role of Verbal Tense and Aspect in the Narration of `The Tale of Igor's Campaign';
Verbal Aspect, Discourse Saliency, and the So-called `Perfect of Result' in Modern Russian;
The Poetics of Truth in Solzhenitsyn's "Zakhar-Kalita" (Zakhar-The-Pouch).
$54.95
0-89357-342-3
656
2009
An Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Early Indo-European languages is intended to supply the reader with what Oswald Szemerényi has termed the “basic equipment” for any in-depth study of Indo-European: namely, some knowledge of Gothic, Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Church Slavic, Sanskrit, and Hittite. The first chapter provides an introduction to synchronic and diachronic terminology and method as well as a basic outline of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European phonology and morphology, along with some basic syntax, such as the function of cases, tenses, and moods. Completing this chapter are exercises on comparative method and reconstruction, with answers to the exercises provided in the Key to the chapter. The following seven chapters present the phonological and morphological history of the changes (in their chronological sequence) from Proto-Indo-European into the earliest attested languages in the major Indo-European families: Gothic from the Germanic family; Latin from the Italic and later Romance families; Ancient Greek; Old Irish from the Celtic family; Old Church Slavic from the Slavic family; Sanskrit from the Indo-Iranian family; and Hittite from the Anatolian family of Indo-European languages. In each of these chapters the phonological and morphological history of each language is followed by a glossed and grammatically exegeted text in the language. The text is in turn accompanied by exercises on the language, with all answers given. The book presupposes minimal knowledge of linguistic theory, the bases of which are presented in the first chapter. The book is, however, intended for linguists as well as historians, anthropologists and others who, while not conversant with the data, may yet be interested in pursuing Indo-European studies. An underlying premise of the book is the belief that Indo-European studies have for some time remained a closed book for many gifted scholars—linguistic and otherwise—who, with an introduction to the subject, might be able to make their own contribution to the field. The book is envisioned not only as an undergraduate- or graduate-level university text, but also as a reference work for those scholars already participating in the discipline. Recommended for library collections at four-year colleges and research universities.
$34.95
978-0-89357-241-9
x + 306
1993
This book, a linguist's reassessment of early European Jewish history, will be of interest to anyone who has ever wondered how the Jewish people, lacking their own territorial base and living as a minority among often hostile non-Jewish peoples over the four corners of the globe, succeeded in preserving a separate identity for close to two thousand years. The book makes a number of innovative and controversial claims about the relationship of the contemporary Jews to the Old Palestinian Jews.
Recognizing the limitations of historical documentation, this book shows how facts about Yiddish and Modern Israeli Hebrew (presented in four recent books) can assist historians and archeologists in evaluating known data and artifacts as well as generate a new hypothesis about the origins of the Ashkenazic Jews, the north European Jews who have constituted the majority of the Jews in the world for the last several centuries. In Wexler's view, the Ashkenazic Jews most likely descend from a minority ethnic Palestinian Jewish emigre population that intermarried with a much larger heterogeneous population of converts to Judaism from Asia Minor, the Balkans and the Germano-Sorb lands (the Sorbs are a West Slavic population that still numbers about 70,000 in the former German Democratic Republic). Widespread conversions to Judaism that began in Asia Minor in the Christian era and ended with the institutionalization of Christianity among the Western Slavs in the beginning of the second millennium saved the tiny ethnic Palestinian Jewish population in the diaspora from total extinction. The major non-Jewish contributors to the ethnogenesis of the Ashkenazic Jews were Slavs, though there was probably also a minor Turkic strain -- both in the Caspian-Black Sea area (the descendants of the Khazars, a mainly Turkic group that converted to Judaism in the eighth century) and in the Balkans and Hungary.
In all of these areas, the Turkic population early became submerged with the coterritorial Slavs. In addition to Yiddish terms of Slavic, Greek, Romance and German origin which express aspects of the Jewish religion and folk culture, the book shows that many elements of Ashkenazic folklore and religion themselves were of Slavic origin -- either West (Sorbian and Polabian) or Balkan Slavic. There is a lengthy discussion of the evidence for widespread conversion to Judaism in Asia Minor, southern Europe and the Germano-Sorbian lands up to the twelfth century and the reasons why pagan and Christian Slavs converted to Judaism. While historians have been disputing the extent of conversion to Judaism, Wexler thinks the linguistic and ethnographic evidence make the conversion evidence highly plausible. In addition, Jewish linguistic evidence refutes the traditional claims that Yiddish is a variant of High German and that Modern Hebrew is a "revived" form of Old Hebrew; new hypotheses are proposed: that Yiddish began as a Slavic language (specifically a Judaized form of Sorbian) that was re-lexified to High German at an early date, and that Modern Hebrew is, in turn, Yiddish that became re-lexified to Hebrew, and thus is also a form of Sorbian. These facts support the author's hypothesis of the Slavic origins of the Ashkenazic Jews, and the bulk of their religion and folk culture.
The book proceeds to show how, under the conditions of relative separation from the non-Jewish population that developed after the twelfth century, the north European Jews developed elaborate processes of "Judaizing" their pagan and Christian Slavic religion and folk culture -- by inserting unusually large amounts of Hebrew elements into colloquial Judeo-Sorbian/Yiddish and by reinterpreting and recalibrating religious and ethnographic practices according to biblical and talmudic precedents; customs known to be obsolete among the Christians were retained by the Jews as "Jewish" practices. For example, the Slavo-Germanic glass-breaking ceremony intended to scare the devil away from the merrymakers at a wedding, was reinterpreted as remembrance of the destructions of the two Temples in Jerusalem. The ethnographic and religious evidence is taken mainly from discussions in the Germano-Slavic Hebrew religious literature of the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries which reveal that many rabbis were quite aware of the non-Jewish origins of Ashkenazic folklore and religious practices.
Where the rabbis could not convince the masses to abandon pagan-Christian customs, they were obliged to retain them, but in a "Judaized" form. The book offers a correction to the unsubstantiated views of the late Arthur Koestler in his The Thirteenth Tribe (London 1976), that the Ashkenazic Jews are largely descended from Turkic Khazars who converted to Judaism in the Caucasus in the eighth century. Wexler believes Koestler was right about a Slavo-Turkic basis for the north European Jews -- but that he erred in assuming the preponderence of Turks over other ethnic groups, and in placing the "homeland" of the Ashkenazic Jews in the Caucasus.
Chris Evans carefully hides details of his personal life, so he is often attributed novels with different stars. Thus, even recently, Internet users claimed that the actor is dating Selena Gomez - they were spotted in the same restaurant. However, it seems that Captain America has already found a new admirer. Rumor has it that 40-year-old Chris Evans is having an affair with 24-year-old "Warrior Nun" Selena Gomez and Chris Evans dating series star Alba Baptista. Recently, the actor posted a video on his Instagram storis (Social network recognized as extremist and banned in the Russian Federation), from which the followers determined that he is in Lisbon, the hometown of the alleged lover.
Where Koestler's evidence, mainly non-linguistic, was scanty and totally unreliable, Yiddish and Ashkenazic folk culture and religion provide a wealth of varied evidence that support a primarily Slavic ethnic origin for the Ashkenazic Jews. In opposition to the popular view that the Slavic imprint in Ashkenazic Jewish culture is a "late borrowing", Wexler sees the Slavic elements as an "inheritance" from the pagan Slavic cultures which were to become for the most part submerged and reformed under the impact of Christianity. Hence, Ashkenazic Judaism is essentially a Judaized form of Slavic pagan and Christian culture and religion (rather than an uninterrupted evolution of Palestinian Judaism) -- and the best repository of pagan Slavic folk culture that survives to our days. Wexler also proposes that the other Jewish diasporas -- e.g. the Sephardic, the Arab, Iranian, Chinese, Indian, Ethiopian and Yemenite -- are also largely of non-Jewish origin. The book compares the notion of Jewish peoplehood with attempts at rewriting the past found in many other societies. There is a bibliography of some seven hundred items and an index of examples.
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